Et Al. Publications

Substantial advances toward global decarbonization have been made in areas such as electricity generation and the electrification of building heat and road transport, yet the decarbonization of energy-intensive industries remains a formidable but crucial challenge. Decarbonization of the industrial sector, whose direct emissions account for about 25% of global carbon dioxide, is essential for transitioning the world economy toward a sustainable growth path. With present technologies and policies, such decarbonization appears technically possible, but difficult and costly. Here, we highlight the pressing need for new lines of research on two emerging frontiers. The first quantifies how industrial decarbonization technologies and policies interact with the broader economy. The second builds on growing data availability and policy experience with industrial decarbonization to provide broad-scale ex post quantifications of its impacts as an essential empirical complement to a largely modeling-based literature to date.

We estimate intergenerational mobility of immigrants and their children in fifteen receiving countries. We document large income gaps for first-generation immigrants that diminish in the second generation. Around half of the second-generation gap can be explained by differences in parental income, with the remainder due to differential rates of absolute mobility. The daughters of immigrants enjoy higher absolute mobility than daughters of locals in most destinations, while immigrant sons primarily enjoy this advantage in countries with long histories of immigration. Cross-country differences in absolute mobility are not driven by parental country-of-origin, but instead by destination labor markets and immigration policy.